Favara, J. V., & Moreno, J. E.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
jesica.favara@usal.edu.ar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Psicolog\u00eda y Psicopedagog\u00eda, Universidad del Salvador (USAL), Argentina – Proyecto de Investigaci\u00f3n “Preocupaci\u00f3n, Creencias y Valores frente al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico en J\u00f3venes y Adultos, su relaci\u00f3n con la Ecolog\u00eda Integral y la Salud Mental.”<\/font><\/p>\n\n\n\n Resumen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n El cambio clim\u00e1tico es una amenaza contempor\u00e1nea para el bienestar de las personas, incluyendo su salud mental (IPCC, 2022). En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os se observa de forma progresiva mayor sensibilidad hacia temas ambientales, como tambi\u00e9n un incremento en manifestaciones como la desesperanza y el malestar psicol\u00f3gico. Desde la psicolog\u00eda ambiental, disciplina que estudia la relaci\u00f3n entre las personas y el ambiente (Corraliza y Aragon\u00e9s, 2002), se ha avanzado en la comprensi\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo variables como valores, creencias ambientales y conductas proambientales se relacionan con el bienestar. Este art\u00edculo presenta un recorrido te\u00f3rico de los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os sobre estos v\u00ednculos, especialmente en entornos urbanos, destacando la necesidad de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas que integren la salud mental y la sostenibilidad (Clayton et al., 2017; Steg & Vlek, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Introducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Luego de la pandemia por el COVID-19 que impact\u00f3 a nivel mundial, el v\u00ednculo entre la salud humana, el ambiente y el bienestar psicosocial se ha resignificado. Investigaciones (Lawrence et al., 2021) han demostrado que tanto el confinamiento como la p\u00e9rdida de contacto con la naturaleza y la incertidumbre respecto al futuro ambiental han generado impactos psicol\u00f3gicos significativos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n La psicolog\u00eda ambiental, entendida como la disciplina de la psicolog\u00eda social interesada en la interrelaci\u00f3n entre las personas y su entorno, se ha expandido hacia una mirada m\u00e1s integradora y cr\u00edtica, contemplando tanto a la psicolog\u00eda de la sostenibilidad (Corral-Verdugo et al., 2010) como tambi\u00e9n a la ecopsicolog\u00eda (Hibbard, 2003). Estos enfoques no solo analizan determinantes del comportamiento proambiental sino tambi\u00e9n las emociones y los conflictos ps\u00edquicos vinculados al deterioro ecol\u00f3gico (Majeed & Lee, 2017; Taylor & Murray, 2020; Wu et al., 2020). Adem\u00e1s, proponen una lectura sist\u00e9mica del v\u00ednculo entre el ser humano y la naturaleza, entendiendo que el deterioro ambiental no es solo producto de decisiones individuales, sino de un sistema global influenciado por el consumo y la desconexi\u00f3n afectiva con los ecosistemas (Buzzell, 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Valores y creencias ambientales en el escenario actual<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Evidencia actualizada sostiene que los valores biosf\u00e9ricos y altruistas son predictores consistentes de la adopci\u00f3n de conductas proambientales (Ruepert et al., 2017; Steg, 2023). En contextos pospand\u00e9micos, la preocupaci\u00f3n ambiental se ha tornado m\u00e1s emocional, evidenciando un conflicto de valores entre el consumo, la comodidad y la protecci\u00f3n del ambiente (Pons & Mart\u00ednez, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n La poblaci\u00f3n latinoamericana, especialmente los j\u00f3venes y universitarios, a diferencia de los adolescentes (Moreno et al., 2022), se ha mostrado un incremento en la conciencia ambiental (Angelelli et al., 2022; Moreno et al., 2024). Si bien esto no siempre se traduce en acciones sostenibles, s\u00ed refleja una preocupaci\u00f3n creciente (Angelelli et al., 2022; Singh et al., 2022). Este fen\u00f3meno se vincula con la b\u00fasqueda de valores vinculados a la cooperaci\u00f3n y a una vida armoniosa (Favara & Moreno, 2024) y a la percepci\u00f3n de la ausencia de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas eficientes (Geissdoerfer et al., 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Salud mental y malestar ecol\u00f3gico<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n El impacto del cambio clim\u00e1tico en la salud mental ha emergido como una preocupaci\u00f3n central desde 2020 (Hickman et al., 2021; Moreno et al., 2021). Entre los conceptos desarrollados se destaca la ecoansiedad, entendida como una reacci\u00f3n a la amenaza clim\u00e1tica que puede volverse disfuncional al combinarse con desesperanza o par\u00e1lisis emocional (Clayton & Karazsia, 2020; Pihkala, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hickman et al. (2021) demostraron que un gran porcentaje de j\u00f3venes en varios pa\u00edses reportaban niveles extremos de preocupaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica, afectando su funcionamiento cotidiano. En la misma l\u00ednea en Argentina, investigaciones recientes encontraron que menores niveles de conexi\u00f3n con la naturaleza y mayores niveles de apat\u00eda se asocian con mayor desesperanza (Favara et al., 2025). La conexi\u00f3n con la naturaleza promueve tanto el bienestar subjetivo como las actitudes proambientales (Favara & Moreno, 2020a; Restall & Conrad, 2015; Nisbet et al., 2011), y puede mitigar la desesperanza frente al cambio clim\u00e1tico al fortalecer el compromiso ecol\u00f3gico (Clayton, 2019). As\u00ed, el acceso a espacios naturales y la educaci\u00f3n ambiental que refuerce la identidad ecol\u00f3gica pueden desempe\u00f1ar un rol protector (Favara & Moreno, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Conductas proambientales y bienestar subjetivo<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Numerosos estudios han demostrado que las personas que llevan a cabo conductas proambientales tienden a reportar mayores niveles de sentido de prop\u00f3sito, conexi\u00f3n social y bienestar psicol\u00f3gico (Favara & Moreno, 2023; Olivos & Clayton, 2016; Vu Nguyen et al., 2024). Esta relaci\u00f3n estar\u00eda mediada por la percepci\u00f3n de autoeficacia, la identificaci\u00f3n con grupos proambientales y la conexi\u00f3n emocional con la naturaleza (Favara & Moreno, 2020b; Schultz, 2001). Asimismo, Ojala (2023) propone el concepto de \u201cesperanzamiento\u201d cr\u00edtico, que reconoce la amenaza clim\u00e1tica pero incorpora la posibilidad de acci\u00f3n colectiva, ubicando al activismo ambiental como factor protector frente al malestar emocional, al ofrecer un marco de sentido y pertenencia (Favara & Moreno, 2024; Stanley et al., 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n J\u00f3venes latinoamericanos: entre la sensibilidad y la acci\u00f3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n En Am\u00e9rica Latina, los j\u00f3venes muestran altos niveles de preocupaci\u00f3n por el ambiente y el cambio clim\u00e1tico (Shahid et al, 2021), pero tambi\u00e9n desesperanza (Ojala et al, 2021). Aun as\u00ed, esta generaci\u00f3n participa activamente en pr\u00e1cticas individuales y colectivas sostenibles, como el veganismo o las marchas clim\u00e1ticas (Favara & Moreno, 2023; Gravante & Poma, 2021; Moor et al., 2020). Investigaciones indican que quienes tienen mayor educaci\u00f3n ambiental (Moreno et al., 2020), tanto formal como informal, as\u00ed como m\u00e1s contacto con la naturaleza, presentan mejor regulaci\u00f3n emocional (Kaplan & Kaplan, 2009; P\u00e9rez Cambra, 2015), menor ansiedad clim\u00e1tica (Ruiz, 2022) y mayor compromiso c\u00edvico (UNESCO, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Conclusiones<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n El contexto post-pand\u00e9mico ha intensificado la necesidad de repensar el v\u00ednculo entre ambiente, salud mental y comportamiento humano. La psicolog\u00eda ambiental debe incorporar una mirada preventiva y comunitaria frente a problemas emergentes como la ecoansiedad y la desesperanza. Adem\u00e1s, debe colaborar en el dise\u00f1o de intervenciones alineadas con valores biosf\u00e9ricos y en la inclusi\u00f3n de la salud mental en pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de sostenibilidad (Clayton et al., 2017; Corral-Verdugo et al., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n El futuro requiere un cambio de paradigma, en el que el desarrollo sostenible sea tambi\u00e9n emocionalmente sostenible, entendiendo que el bienestar humano y la protecci\u00f3n del ambiente no son dimensiones separadas, sino profundamente interdependientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Climate Change, Values, and Mental Health: Contributions of Environmental Psychology to Sustainability<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Climate change is a contemporary threat to human well-being, including mental health (IPCC, 2022). In recent years, there has been a progressive increase in sensitivity toward environmental issues, along with a rise in expressions such as hopelessness and psychological distress. Environmental psychology\u2014 discipline that studies the relationship between people and their environment (Corraliza & Aragon\u00e9s, 2002)\u2014has made significant progress in understanding how variables such as values, environmental beliefs, and pro-environmental behaviors relate to well-being. This article presents a theoretical overview of recent years concerning these links, especially in urban settings, highlighting the need for public policies that integrate mental health and sustainability (Clayton et al., 2017; Steg & Vlek, 2009)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Following the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the connection between human health, the environment, and psycho-social well-being has been redefined. Research (Lawrence et al., 2021) has shown that both confinement and the loss of contact with nature, along with uncertainty about the environmental future, have caused significant psychological impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Environmental psychology, understood as the branch of social psychology focused on the relationship between people and their surroundings, has expanded toward a more integrative and critical perspective, embracing both sustainability psychology (Corral-Verdugo et al., 2010) and ecopsychology (Hibbard, 2003). These approaches not only examine the determinants of pro-environmental behavior but also explore<\/p>\n\n\n\n the emotions and psychological conflicts linked to ecological degradation (Majeed & Lee, 2017; Taylor & Murray, 2020; Wu et al., 2020). They also propose a systemic understanding of the human-nature connection, emphasizing that environmental degradation is not merely the result of individual choices, but of a global system shaped by consumption and emotional disconnection from ecosystems (Buzzell, 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Environmental Values and Beliefs in the Current Landscape<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Updated evidence indicates that biospheric and altruistic values are consistent predictors of pro-environmental behavior (Ruepert et al., 2017; Steg, 2023). In post-pandemic contexts, environmental concern has become more emotionally charged, reflecting a value conflict between consumption, comfort, and environmental protection (Pons & Mart\u00ednez, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Latin America, particularly among youth and university students\u2014unlike adolescents (Moreno et al., 2022)\u2014there has been an increase in environmental awareness (Angelelli et al., 2022; Moreno et al., 2024). While this does not always translate into sustainable actions, it does reflect growing concern (Angelelli et al., 2022; Singh et al., 2022). This phenomenon is linked to the search for values associated with cooperation and a harmonious life (Favara & Moreno, 2024), as well as to the perception of a lack of effective public policies (Geissdoerfer et al., 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mental Health and Ecological Distress<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The impact of climate change on mental health has emerged as a central concern since 2020 (Hickman et al., 2021; Moreno et al., 2021). One key concept is eco-anxiety, understood as a reaction to climate threat that can become dysfunctional when combined with hopelessness or emotional paralysis (Clayton & Karazsia, 2020; Pihkala, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hickman et al. (2021) showed that a large percentage of young people in several countries reported extreme levels of climate concern, affecting their daily functioning. Similarly, in Argentina, recent studies found that lower levels of conection with nature and higher levels of apathy are associated with increased hopelessness (Favara et al., 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Connection to nature fosters both subjective well-being and pro-environmental attitudes (Favara & Moreno, 2020a; Restall & Conrad, 2015; Nisbet et al., 2011), and it can mitigate hopelessness in the face of climate change by strengthening ecological commitment (Clayton, 2019). Therefore, access to natural spaces and environmental education that reinforces ecological identity can play a protective role (Favara & Moreno, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pro-Environmental Behaviors and Subjective Well-Being<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Numerous studies have shown that people who engage in pro-environmental behaviors tend to report higher levels of purpose, social connection, and psychological well-being (Favara & Moreno, 2023; Olivos & Clayton, 2016; Vu Nguyen et al., 2024). This relationship appears to be mediated by perceived self-efficacy, identification with pro-environmental groups, and emotional connectedness to nature (Favara & Moreno, 2020b; Schultz, 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Additionally, Ojala (2023) proposes the concept of critical hope, which acknowledges the climate threat but incorporates the possibility of collective action, framing environmental activism as a protective factor against emotional distress by offering a sense of meaning and belonging (Favara & Moreno, 2024; Stanley et al., 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Latin American Youth: Between Sensitivity and Action<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In Latin America, young people exhibit high levels of concern for the environment and climate change (Shahid et al., 2021), as well as feelings of hopelessness (Ojala et al., 2021). Nonetheless, this generation actively participates in sustainable individual and collective practices, such as veganism and climate marches (Favara & Moreno, 2023; Gravante & Poma, 2021; Moor et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Research indicates that individuals with greater environmental education (Moreno et al., 2020)\u2014both formal and informal\u2014as well as more contact with nature, show better emotional regulation (Kaplan & Kaplan, 2009; P\u00e9rez Cambra, 2015), lower climate anxiety (Ruiz, 2022), and stronger civic engagement (UNESCO, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The post-pandemic context has intensified the need to rethink the connection between the environment, mental health, and human behavior. Environmental psychology must adopt a preventive and community-based approach to emerging issues such as eco-anxiety and hopelessness. It should also contribute to the design of interventions aligned with biospheric values and advocate for the inclusion of mental health in public sustainability policies (Clayton et al., 2017; Corral-Verdugo et al., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The future requires a paradigm shift in which sustainable development is also emotionally sustainable, recognizing that human well-being and environmental protection are not separate dimensions but deeply interdependent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Referencias \u2013 References<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Angelelli, J., Aufenacker, S., Bongiardino, L., Borensztein, L., Botero, C., Pe\u00f1a Loray, J., Rodr\u00edguez Quiroga, A., & Yosa, C. (2022). Instrumentos de Medici\u00f3n de los Impactos de da Crisis Ecol\u00f3gica en la Salud Mental: Una Revisi\u00f3n No Sistem\u00e1tica. Enciclopedia Argentina de Salud Mental. http:\/\/www.enciclopediasaludmental.org.ar\/trabajo.php?idt=170&idtt=30<\/a><\/font><\/p>\n\n\n\n Buzzell, L. (2013). 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